Cesio was born in 1622 at Antrodoco in the present Province of Rieti, then part of the Roman States.
He was brought up at Rome, in the school of Pietro da Cortona, and was employed in several prominent public works during the pontificate of Alexander VII.
In the Quirinal, he painted The Judgment of Solomon, and others of his works are in Santa Maria Maggiore and in the Rotunda.
Carlo Cesio was also an engraver of some eminence; we have by him several plates after the Italian painters of his time.
His plates are etched and finished off with the graver, in a free, masterly style.