[7] The Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary Management Plan was instated in 2016 by the National Forest Corporation (CONAF) with financial aid from the Ramsar Convention.

[8] In 2004, the Valdivia Pulp Mill was established in San José de la Mariquina, located 25 km (16 mi) northeast of the preserve near the Cruces River.

[9][10] During the same year, ecologists and academic staff from the Austral University of Chile in Valdivia accused the forestry enterprise Celulosa Arauco y Constitución (CELCO) of polluting the river.

Autopsies conducted on the swans revealed that their deaths were caused by elevated levels of iron and hazardous metals in the water.

[13] Furthermore, the use of water scooters and the development of real estate projects around the sanctuary have also been suggested as negative influences on the swan population.

[13] In March 2023, several cases of avian influenza were detected in the black-necked swan populations within the sanctuary, prompting authorities to declare a "zoosanitary emergency.