Carlos Gustavo Castillo Mattasoglio (born 28 February 1950) is a Peruvian prelate of the Catholic Church whom Pope Francis named Archbishop of Lima on 25 January 2019 and made a cardinal on 7 December 2024.

[1] At San Marcos, he joined the National Union of Catholic Students, led by Father Gustavo Gutiérrez, one of the principal voices in the Liberation Theology movement.

At the press conference announcing his appointment, he received from his friend, Luis Bambarén, Bishop Emeritus of Chimbote, the crozier that belonged to Cardinal Landázuri, who ordained him.

"[15] John L. Allen Jr., citing the differences between Cipriani and Castillo on liberation theology and the Pontifical University, wrote that "it's still fairly unusual to see a cardinal's legacy disassembled in real time quite like this".

[19] During the ceremony the liberation theologian, Gustavo Gutiérrez, speaking as representative of the church of Lima, formally called upon the papal nuncio to ordain Mattasoglio as bishop.

[22] On 7 December 2024, Pope Francis made him a cardinal, assigning him as Cardinal-Priest the title of Santa Maria delle Grazie a Casal Boccone.