The Carmelit (Hebrew: כַּרְמְלִית Arabic: كرمليت) is an underground funicular railway in Haifa, Israel.

Since the grade varies along the route, the floor of each car is never quite level, and slopes slightly "uphill" or "downhill" depending on the location, the only exception being Masada station.

The Carmelit is the smallest subway system in the world, having only four cars, six stations and a single tunnel 1.8 km (1.1 mi) long.

[4] A rail-based solution to connect Mount Carmel with downtown Haifa was envisioned by the British mandatory authorities.

The French company Compagnie Dunkerquoise d'Entreprises created a detailed plan and proposed a generous loan for a large part of the project, and an agreement was signed in 1956.

The old rolling stock was taken to a scrapyard near Kfar Masaryk in 1991, after being offered to the Israel Railway Museum which refused it due to high transport costs.

The most widely used public transportation system in the Haifa area consists of Egged buses, which serve most of the city.

When the Carmelit reopened at the end of 2018, it experienced a surge in ridership, with 4,000 people taking it per day, the highest figure in 20 years.