Caroline Pellew (born 1882) was a British geneticist who made significant contributions to knowledge of the laws of inheritance in various organisms including peas.

While at Reading she worked with the botany professor, Frederick Keeble, to investigate the genetics in the chemistry of flower colour.

[3] She headed the researchers at Merton after Bateson's death, including fellow female geneticists; Dorothea de Winton, Dorothy Caley, Alice Gairdner, Irma Anderson-Kotto and Aslaug Sverdrup.

[4] By 1929, Pellew had proved her passion for genetics and was given the title of ‘geneticist’ and meticulously worked with peas for over 20 years.

[5][6] In 1941, Pellew was forced to take "voluntary retirement" due to John Innes experiencing a reduction in income because of the war.