The college has 21 buildings on a 63-acre campus,[2] has over 35 academic majors,[3] participates in 15 NAIA athletic sports,[4] and is home to All Saints Chapel.

Pope Pius X selected John Patrick Carroll, a young priest from Dubuque, Iowa, as Brondel's successor.

In 1909, William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States, helped lay the cornerstone of St. Charles Hall at the college.

[8][9] The college was founded on September 27, 1909, by John Patrick Carroll, second Bishop of the Diocese of Helena, Montana.

The intent was for it to be an all-men's liberal arts college, with an emphasis on preparing men for careers in the priesthood, law, medicine, teaching, and engineering.

In his speech after the laying the cornerstone of St. Charles Hall, President William Howard Taft said, "The college you are building here will be a blessing to Helena and to the whole state of Montana.

During the 1935 Helena earthquake, Carroll College suffered only minor damage, while many other buildings and schools in the city were greatly affected.

[11] The top of the gable wall on the southern portion of St. Charles Hall was damaged and many of the structure's large stones had fallen off.

[13] After the war, the college began a period of expansion[14] that included enrolling many military veterans under the GI Bill.

The 1989 Helena train wreck caused significant damage to Carroll, notably to Guadalupe Hall, the women's dormitory at the time.

The school offers as well as several medical pre-professional programs including pre-seminary, pre-med, pre-dental, pre-pharmacy and pre-veterinary.

Simperman Hall houses classrooms, science labs, and offices for professors.

The college is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Frontier Conference since the 1935–36 academic year.

Carroll competes in 15 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer and track & field (indoor and outdoor); while women's sports include basketball, cross country, soccer, softball, track & field (indoor and outdoor) and volleyball.

The 1931 football team was undefeated, untied, and unscored upon and finished the season as state champions.