Catherine Livingston Hamersley

[6][7] Catherine and Gordon were known in the early 1900s as "the Hamersley Twins" and were the subject of newspaper articles, fiction, (The Danger Mark, by Robert Chambers),[8] and a Hollywood film.

A court case contesting their cousin's will involved his wife, Lily Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, (who had spent the income from her late husband Louis Carré's trust on improving Blenheim palace), and several Hamersley relations.

Her grandfather, John William Hamersley, was famous for having been one of the first Americans to have met Mohamed Ali Pasha, the founder of modern Egypt in 1834 during an extensive trip through the Middle East.

[15] During her Riyadh visit Catherine captured photographic images including those of the King, the Crown Prince, and royal advisor Yusuf Yasin of Syria.

But the al Saud capital of Riyadh and the central Arabian Najd region were off-limits to western women except by special permission from the royal court.