The process involves the chemical reaction of cationic reactive agents with cellulose.
[1][2][3] A cation (+) (/ˈkætˌaɪ.ən/), from the Greek word κάτω (káto), meaning "down", is an ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge.
The treatment of salt-laden, colored effluent generated by the dyeing process is one of the industry's primary concerns.
Water and salt consumption are one of the major problems in the dyeing especially cotton which leads to substantial environmental impact with extra time and cost.
Cationization of cotton reduces the effluent, TDS load and water consumption in comparison to the conventional dyeing processes.