They believed that this city had been located on their territory, but it was eventually proved that ancient Caulonia was to be found near modern Monasterace, 16 kilometres (10 mi) to the northeast.

[3] In 1594 Castelvetere opposed a strong resistance to a brutal siege carried out by the massive Turkish army led by Sinan Cicala.

After a brutal battle, which lasted many hours, the siege is broken and the massive Turkish army, which had lost its commander-in-chief on the battlefield, is put on the run, chased by Castelveterin knights.

When the uprising was ultimately crushed, which required a military operation involving both Allied and carabinieri units, 350 Red Cauloniesi were put on trial in nearby Locri for sedition.

The most notable being the Festa di S. Ilarione (Feast of Saint Hilarion) which to this day, is the largest religious Italian festival held in South Australia.

Frequently, people attend the Feast from Caulonia itself, impressed by the size and scope of the event, the level of organisation put into staging it, and that Cauloiniese culture is still thriving after so many decades after the original immigration.

The culture, religion, tradition and foods are handed down to each generation through family get-togethers, important milestones such as Christmas and Easter, events such as the Feast of Saint Hilarion, the Catholic Church (particularly weekly Mass at Mater Christi at Seaton) and a concerted effort by leaders in the Cauloniese community such as Vince Greco and the committee of the Society of Saint Hilarion to bring young people together to teach them about their heritage.

One of the most important achievements of the Cauloniese community was to establish the House of Saint Hilarion at Seaton, a large nursing home facility providing aged care for old people.

It operates across two sites in western Adelaide that offers aged care catered toward the cultural, food, religious and medical needs of elderly Cauloniese and the wider Italian community.