When the condition occurs in the liver it usually does not cause symptoms, but some may experience pain in the upper right abdomen, a feeling of fullness after eating only a small amount of food, decreased appetite, nausea, or vomiting.

Several genes – K-Rev interaction trapped 1 (ССМ1), malcavernin (CCM2) and programmed cell death protein 10 (ССМ3) – have been identified as having mutations thought to be related to these lesions.

[5] Familial CCMs account for 15% of cases and is due to germline mutations in genes leading to impairments in endothelial cell function and angiogenesis.

[14] Usually one malformation exists, but multiple lesions can occur in the left or right lobe of the liver in 40% of patients.

In the eye, it is known as orbital cavernous hemangioma and is found in women more frequently than men, most commonly between the ages of 20–40.

Radiation treatment used for other medical conditions has been suggested to cause cavernous malformation in some patients.

It has been suggested that growth factors and hormonal influences contribute to the abnormal cell proliferation.

[4] As a result of this, it is believed that estrogen levels may play a role in the incidence of liver cavernomas.

Genetic studies show that specific gene mutations or deletions are causes for the disease.

[19] The lack of function of these genes in control of a proliferative signaling pathway would result in uncontrolled proliferation and the development of a tumor.

[20] Gradient-echo T2WI magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is most sensitive method for diagnosing cavernous hemangiomas.

[22] Computed tomography (CT) scanning is not a sensitive or specific method for diagnosing cavernous hemangiomas.

It is essential to diagnose cavernous hemangioma because treatments for these lesions are less aggressive than that of cancerous tumors, such as angiosarcoma.

[23] On ultrasound, cavernous haemangiomas in liver appeared as homogenous, hyperechoic lesions with posterior acoustic enhancement.

A change in size of lesions in the nose, lips, or eyelids can be treated with steroid drugs to slow its progress.

[25] If the lesion caused by the cavernous hemangioma is destroying healthy tissue around it or if the patient is experiencing major symptoms, then surgery can be used to remove the cavernoma piecemeal.

[27] The treatment approach depends on the site, size and symptoms present, as well as the history of hemorrhage from the lesion.

[27] Microsurgery is generally preferred if the cerebral cavernous hemangioma is superficial in the central nervous system, or the risk of damage to surrounding tissue from irradiation is too high.

Additionally, a large hemorrhage with deterioration of the patient or intractable symptoms (such as seizures or coma) are further indications for microsurgical intervention.

It provides a precise radiation dose to the cerebral cavernous hemangioma while relatively sparing the surrounding tissue.

[28] In terms of life expectancy, not enough data has been collected on patients with this malformation in order to provide a representative statistical analysis.

[16] The true incidence of cavernous hemangiomas is difficult to estimate because they are frequently misdiagnosed as other venous malformations.

[42] Research needs to be conducted on the efficacy of treatment with stereotactic radiation therapy, especially on the long-term.

Genetic researchers are still working on determining the cause of the illness and the mechanism behind blood vessel formation.

[26] Clinical trials are being conducted to better assess when it is appropriate to treat a patient with this malformation and with what treatment method.