Cayuga is an unincorporated community in northwestern Anderson County, Texas, United States.

In 1854, the Judson Baptist Church began at an arbor near Charles Gilmore's home.

The community was revived when the Richland-Chambers Creek Reservoir was discovered in nearby Freestone and Navarro counties and when four state prisons were established in the area.

Approximately 700 people lived in Cayuga in 1988 and there were several businesses, which included offices of two major petroleum companies in the area.

[4] Cayuga sits along the junction of U.S. Highway 287 and Farm to Market Road 59, 5 mi (8.0 km) east of the Trinity River in northwestern Anderson County.

[5] The first school in the area started at the home of Charles Gilmore and was taught by George W. Tuggle, who also served as chief justice of Anderson County.