[1] This is a method that was originally used to demonstrate the cellular location of various biochemical processes.
Other uses of subcellular fractionation is to provide an enriched source of a protein for further purification, and facilitate the diagnosis of various disease states.
[2] Tissue is typically homogenized in a buffer solution that is isotonic to stop osmotic damage.
Mechanisms for homogenization include grinding, mincing, chopping, pressure changes, osmotic shock, freeze-thawing, and ultrasound.
It involves grinding of cells in a suitable medium in the presence of certain enzymes with correct pH, ionic composition, and temperature.