Cementoma

[1] It is found most commonly in the mandible in the region of the lower molar teeth, occurring between the ages of 8 and 30 in both sexes with equal frequency .

[5] The following complications may occur as a result of growth and expansion in the cementum:[6] The exact cause of cementomas is still widely unknown.

It is understood that cells of the cementum found at the apex of a tooth root in rare cases grow uncontrollably.

[8] Cementomas develop as cells that generate cementum, or cementoblasts uncontrollably proliferate at the apex of a tooth root.

The first stage involves periapical osteolysis which is characterized by a noncalcified matrix and formation of a circular radiolucent area near the apex of the affected tooth.

The final stage is characterized by maturation and calcification of the entire lesion in which it is completely radiopaque and surrounded by a radiolucent rim.

[3] As the lesion enlarges, complexity of diagnosis increases and the mass must be analyzed for characteristics of an odontoma, hypercementosis, cemental dysplasia, and condensing osteitis.

Treatment of a cementoma involves surgically removing the mass and possibly a portion of the affected area and/or teeth.

There are multiple individual case studies available on the different types of cementomas, however no clinical trials for treatment of this condition have been executed.

The young child was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and upon examination, they found a well-defined radiopaque mass in the apical region of his right deciduous mandibular second molar.