Hypercementosis is an idiopathic, non-neoplastic condition characterized by the excessive buildup of normal cementum (calcified tissue) on the roots of one or more teeth.

[6] Loss of function in ENPP1 caused generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) which was directly associated with individuals with hypercementosis.

[10] Such deposits form bulbous enlargements on the roots and may interfere with extractions, especially if adjacent teeth become fused (concrescence).

A risk assessment must be considered as excess cementum build-up may make determining the apical limit challenging during a root canal.

[12] A recent study has proposed a "teeth-as-tools" hypothesis that suggests early humans may have used anterior teeth for non-dietary purposes.

[13] Research focuses on the types of occlusion and contamination that may give insight into how Neanderthals adapted to diverse challenges in the world.