It is located in the Sydney central business district and is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney.
The locality is in the inner-city suburbs of Surry Hills and Haymarket and is close to Chinatown.
A bus interchange served by Transdev John Holland and Transit Systems services is located outside Central railway station in Eddy Avenue.
Belmore Park, a famous gathering place in Sydney's history, is located opposite the railway station.
Special events are often held in Belmore Park, such as Chinese New Year celebrations, which include animal lanterns.