Originally founded in 1924 in Guangzhou, the CBC was expelled from Mainland China by the Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949 and relocated to Taiwan.

[7] The CBC was originally proposed in 1923 by Sun Yat-sen's Army and Navy Marshal stronghold of the Republic of China and was established in Guangzhou a year later, serving the Nationalist government from 1925.

Following the success of the Northern Expedition, the CBC relocated to Shanghai and its head T. V. Soong negotiated a division of labor with the Bank of China in 1928 that refocused the latter on foreign-exchange operations.

[9]: 13 In 1945, the CBC recovered its Shanghai head office and its nationwide role, but soon had to face the circumstances of the Chinese Civil War and moved together with the government back to Guangzhou, Chongqing, and Chengdu before completing the journey to Taiwan in late 1949.

The headquarters building is accessible within walking distance northwest from Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall MRT station of the Taipei Metro.