Cephalocereus macrocephalus, synonym Neobuxbaumia macrocephala, is a species of cactus endemic to Mexico (the states of Puebla and Oaxaca).

The terminal pseudocephalium consists of large areoles that bear abundant yellow wool and numerous bristles.

[4][5] The specific epithet macrocephalus is derived from the Greek words makros for 'big' and kephalos for 'head' and refers to the large terminal cephalium.

Fruits ripen from June to August and are consumed by bats and bird species that probably act as seed dispersers.

[citation needed] The microbiota associated with this species include methylotrophic bacteria, both in its stem surface and inside the plant.