Cervalces latifrons

[5] A frontal bone attached to part of an antler of a previously unknown species of deer was found at low tide on the beachfront at Happisburgh, Norfolk, in the "Forest Bed".

The morphology of the animal as deduced from this fossil and from others later found in this formation and in continental Europe differs little from modern moose.

[7] The antlers of the males had longer beams than living moose, with large vertically-oriented flat palmate lobes with a variable number of points.

Fossil remains of this deer are known from northern Europe and Asia but have not been found in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy south of the Apennines, Croatia or Greece.

This is exposed at intervals along the coast of Norfolk and Suffolk and forms low cliffs between Cromer and Great Yarmouth.

It is believed that Cervalces latifrons resembled its modern moose relations and lived in tundra, steppes, coniferous forests and swamps.

[12] A morpho-functional analysis of Cervalces latifrons comparing it with its modern deer relatives, Cervus spp., suggests similarities in diet and in adaptations for living in a marshy environment with scattered scrub and debris.

It is likely to have had a similar diet of bark, leaves and shoots of trees such as willow, aspen, rowan, birch, oak, larch and pine.

The toes could be spread widely which would have aided swimming and prevented the foot sinking deeply when walking in marshy conditions.

Fossils in Bergamo
Antlers in Tübingen
Partial antler