This structure was discovered c. 1989 by a team of American astronomers led by Margaret J. Geller and John Huchra while analyzing data gathered by the second CfA Redshift Survey of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA).
The term "Great" has been added to distinguish it as an even larger type compared to standard galaxy walls.
[1] It is not known how much further the wall extends due to the light absorption in the plane of the Milky Way galaxy where Earth is located.
The gas and dust from the Milky Way (known as the Zone of Avoidance) obscure the view of astronomers and have so far made it impossible to determine if the wall ends or continues on further than they can currently observe.
In the standard model of the evolution of the universe, such structures as the Great Wall form along and follow web-like strings of dark matter.