Chaff

In wild cereals and in the primitive domesticated einkorn,[2] emmer[3] and spelt[4] wheats, the husks enclose each seed tightly.

The process of loosening the chaff from the grain so as to remove it is called "threshing" before "drying" – traditionally done by milling or pounding, making it finer like "flour".

This method typically uses a broad, plate-shaped basket or similar receptacle to hold and collect the winnowed grain as it falls back down.

[12] Chaff as a waste product from grain processing leads to a metaphorical use of the term, to refer to something seen as worthless.

[citation needed] Hungarian engineer László Schremmer has discovered that the use of chaff-based filters can reduce the arsenic content of water to 3 microgram/litre.