In the south of the province, the Chao Phraya Dam (formerly Chai Nat Dam) impounds the Chao Phraya River, both for flood control as well as to divert water into the country's largest irrigation system for the irrigation of rice paddies in the lower river valley.

[7] Chai Nat was first established during the Ayutthaya period and was used as a successful base of operations for confronting the Burmese army.

Chai Nat suffered this problem especially badly when bandits gathered in the countryside stealing cattle and inciting violence and crime.

The slogan of the province is "Venerable Luang Pu Suk, renowned Chao Phraya Dam, famous bird park and tasty khao taengkwa pomelo."

As of 26 November 2019 there are:[10] one Chai Nat Provincial Administrative Organization - PAO (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 39 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province.