Chakana

The most commonly used variation of this symbol today is made up of an equal-armed cross indicating the cardinal points of the compass and a superimposed square.

[1] The Andean cross motif appears in pre-contact artifacts such as textiles and ceramics from such cultures as the Chavín, Wari, Chancay, and Tiwanaku, but with no particular emphasis and no key or guide to a means of interpretation.

The anthropologist Scott C. Smith interprets the Andean cross motif as a top view of a platform mound (like the Akapana or Pumapunku).

The form of the Andean cross may be replicated in the Akapana, a large terraced platform mound with a central reservoir built at the site of Tiahuanaco by people of the Tiwanaku culture near Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and dating to about AD 400.

The mestizo historian Garcilaso de la Vega, el Ynga, reports about a holy cross of white and red marble or jasper, which was venerated in 16th-century Cusco[citation needed].

Most commonly used variation of an Andean cross used today; this open Andean cross can also be seen at the Tello obelisk and on Tiwanaku Qirus often with an eye inside
Approximately 4,000-year-old Chakana
Chakana pendant crafted from polished soft stone, originating from the province of Jujuy in northwest Argentina. This indigenous design is commonly found in local markets in various parts of South America.