The only other was found in France and was thought to be a forgery until the discovery of the British coin proved the existence of the short-lived emperor.

It stands partly on the site of an earlier building, originally the de Plessis manor and manorial court-house.

[7] The carpentry in the roof is of exceptional quality and it may be that the carpenters were the same as those who built the Royal Palace at nearby Ewelme around the same time.

The interior comprises a wide nave with two aisles separated by transitional Norman arcades with carved capitals and a chancel.

The church is thought to remain substantially as it was in 1500, although some records state that there was a spire on top of the tower until a violent storm in 1727 blew it down.

In the 14th century the chancel was decorated with a series of wall paintings showing a Tree of Jesse, the Last Judgement and the medieval legend of the Assumption of Mary.

Historians believe these wall-paintings were completed around 1320 possibly at the request of the de Barantyn family, who lived in one of the two manors in Chalgrove at the time.

The paintings were limewashed over at the time of the English Reformation and rediscovered in 1858 during renovation work commissioned by the then Vicar, Rev.

[11] Its removal revealed a hitherto unknown medieval wall painting in St James' chapel, which is earlier than those in the chancel.

In The Departed Village, Moreau writes "so far as records go back it [St Helen's] has never officially been more than a chapelry of Chalgrove and since the Conquest the indications are that it has never had a priest not shared with that parish.

"[14] Chalgrove originated as a linear village surrounded by open fields occupying a site on the banks of the stream.

The mill was restored to working condition in 1998 — including turning the overshot water wheel around to become a high-breast one — and was used to grind corn on an open day in 1999.

[citation needed] In the 19th century a sluice was built at the eastern end of the village and from the original Chalgrove Stream, now called the Back Brook, some of the water was diverted to run alongside the current High Street.

RF Laurence (1807–85), who was vicar of Chalgrove and Berrick Salome for the last 53 years of his life[16] founded the parish's school and taught there himself.

Parts of Chalgrove, and its airfield, featured in the episode Many Happy Returns of the Granada Television series The Prisoner.

The standard three-runway Chalgrove Airfield was built in 1943, and in February 1944 the United States Army Air Forces moved in with a photo-reconnaissance squadron of Lockheed P-38 Lightning aircraft.

These squadrons performed many low-level operations over France to provide valuable information prior to, and shortly after, the Normandy landings in June 1944.

In March 1945 the USAAF PR squadrons from nearby RAF Mount Farm moved to Chalgrove with their P-51 Mustang and P-38 Lightning aircraft.

The first live ejection from a Martin-Baker seat, fitted to a Gloster Meteor, was made over Chalgrove airfield in July 1946.

In March 2012, the band took part in its first London and Southern Counties Areas Contest in the Second Section and came second, qualifying for the National Finals in Cheltenham in September 2012.

[citation needed] In the High Street are a sub-post office and four other shops including two grocers, a florist and a pharmacy.

[32] Thames Travel bus route 11 serves Chalgrove six days a week, linking the village with Oxford via Stadhampton, Garsington and Cowley and with Watlington via Cuxham.