Tambons Huai Bong, Ban Keng, Khao Din Phatthana, Phu Khae, and Na Phra Lan were separated from Mueang Saraburi district to create the new district on 5 December 1996, as one of five districts named Chaloem Phra Kiat commemorating the 50th anniversary of the ascension to the throne of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX).

Neighbouring districts are (from the north clockwise) Phattana Nikhom of Lopburi province, Kaeng Khoi, Mueang Saraburi, Sao Hai and Phra Phutthabat of Saraburi Province.

Tambon Na Phra Lan may be the sub-district with the worst air quality in Thailand.

[2] In 2018, 165 days of the year exceeded particulate matter limits in Na Phra Lan, a 27% increase over 2017.

Sources were industrial plants, rock mines, dense traffic, and "ruined roads".