Under the absolute monarchy of William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg, the legislature's powers were very restricted: it could not take decisions and had a purely advisory role with respect to the monarch.

[1] In a climate marked by the democratic revolutionary movements in France and elsewhere, a new constitution was drafted in 1848 by a Constituent Assembly.

The parliament, now called the Chambre des Députés, had the legislative power: it had the right to propose and amend laws.

The parliament, now renamed the Assemblée des Etats, retained its legislative powers, but the Grand Duke was no longer required to approve and promulgate its laws within a certain period.

[1] After Luxembourg's neutrality and independence had been affirmed in the Second Treaty of London, in 1868, the constitution was revised to obtain a compromise between the liberties of 1848 and the authoritarian charter of 1856.

The parliament was renamed the Chambre des Députés and regained most of the rights it lost in 1856, such as the annual vote on the budget and taxes.

[2] These steps on a pathway of democratisation took place in a period of crisis of the monarchy, famine, and difficulties in supplying food.

During World War II, from 1940 to 1944 under German occupation of Luxembourg, the Chamber was dissolved by the Nazis and the country annexed into the "Gau Moselland".

They would deal with citizens' complaints concerning the central or local government administration, and other public entities.

[3] Luxembourg is a parliamentary democracy,[4] in which the Chamber is elected by universal suffrage under the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

[8] The Chamber is composed of sixty members, called Deputies (Luxembourgish: Deputéiert ; French: Députés).

Deputies are elected by open list proportional representation, whereby all electors may vote for as many candidates as their constituency has seats.

The Chamber of Deputies holds session in the Hôtel de la Chambre (Luxembourgish: Chambergebai, English: Hall of the Chamber of Deputies), located on Krautmaart (French: Marché aux herbes, English: Herb Market), in the Uewerstad quarter (French: Ville Haute, English: Upper City), the oldest part of Luxembourg City.

[9] The Grand Ducal Palace, by contrast, was built over time in several architectural styles (primarily Renaissance and Baroque), but renovated in 1891 in a historicist neo-Renaissance manner.

[10] The large portrait of Grand Duke Henri was painted by Belgian artist Louis Van Gorp.