Tricameralism
A disputed type of tricameralism is one where there are two legislative bodies, elected or appointed separately, and a third consisting of all members of the two, meeting together.
In cases where this is considered tricameralism, such as the Manx Tynwald, the Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly, and the Icelandic Althing (from 1874 to 1991), there is generally an explicit, routine role for the unified house, which distinguishes it from bicameral systems where a joint sitting of the two bodies is used to resolve deadlocks or for special sessions, which is true in several parliaments including Australia, Switzerland and India.
The word could describe the Ancien Régime era French Estates-General, though similar semantic arguments are applied since it sometimes met in joint session.
A common feature in these bodies, which also casts some doubt on the appropriateness of the name, is that in several cases one of the three legislatures is not principally concerned with legislating.
The third chamber consisted of the union of the other two and deliberated as a single body, which makes some scholars classify it as only a bicameral system.
Following amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia in the late 1990s and early 2000s, which became effective in 2004, the parliament of Indonesia has three institutions (of which one consists of the members of the other two), similar to Icelandic and Isle of Man tricameralism: Like the Icelandic Unified Parliament, the Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly has its own speaker and deputy speakers distinct from those of the DPR and DPD.
On 2 November, around seventy percent of the country's White minority voted in favour of the changes – Black, Coloured and Indian South Africans were not consulted.
Simón Bolívar, the South American revolutionary leader, included a tricameral legislature as part of his proposals for a model government.
As such, some opinions differ on whether his system could truly be classified as a tricameral parliament, considering that the Censors were not true legislators, but seemed to represent a separate branch of government altogether.
In effect, Napoléon made the Sénat a political élite to back his power as Consul and later Emperor, while the other two chambers were bent into submission.
As the mechanism is significantly different from the Western trias politica, the grand justices has an interpretation which ruled that these three organs all bear characteristics equivalent to a "parliament".
A set of temporary provisions were passed by the National Assembly to gather more powers to the President and limit the functions of the tricameral parliament.
[2] However, the chambers' powers differ and the Commission arguably functions as an executive branch, making it more of a bicameral system.
These include: The Senate and the assemblies worked together to appoint magistrates, enact laws, and territorial holdings issues.
Although the Council has no real power to govern the university, it has exclusive rights to determine its own composition and select its members, meaning it is not subordinate to the Board and/or Senate.
