The chamber has 200 seats and deputies are elected for four-year terms using the party-list proportional representation system with the D'Hondt method and the Imperiali and Hagenbach-Bischoff quotas.

A Cabinet is answerable to the Chamber of Deputies and the Prime Minister stays in office only as long as they retain the support of a majority of its members.

The Deputy may not hold the office of Senator, President of the Czech Republic or judge, which also applies to certain positions specified by law.

The current plenary chamber was built in 1861 for the reinstated Bohemian Diet after it was dissolved by the Austrian-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1849.

The second building was the seat of the Governors of the Kingdom of Bohemia appointed by the emperor, located on Malá Strana Square.