The British conquered Kolhan in 1837 and consequently formed a new district Singhbhum with headquarters at Chaibasa.

The Rajas of Porhat/ Singhbhum, Seraikela and Kharswan held sway over their kingdoms under British protection.

Subsequently, Singhbhum district was divided into three subdivisions – Sadar, Dhalbhum and Seraikela.

[1][2][3] According to a PIB release in 2018, Seraikela Kharswan was not included in the list of the thirty districts most affected by Left wing extremism in the country.

[4] Jharkhand Police has mentioned “Nimdih, Chandil, Chowka, Ichagarh, Tiruldih, Kharsawan and Kuchai” police station areas of Seraikela Kharsawan district as Naxalite affected.

[5] Hemant Soren, Chief Minister of Jharkhand, has claimed, in September 2021, that as a result of the effective action against left wing extremism, the “presence of hardcore Maoists has been limited to mainly four regions, namely Parasnath Pahar, Budha Pahar, Tri-junction of Seraikela-Khunti-Chaibasa district in Kolhan division and some of the areas along the Bihar border”.

There are hills alternating with valleys, steep mountains, deep forests on the mountain slopes, and, in the river basins, some stretches of comparatively level or undulating country.”[7] It has an elevation range of 178–209 metres (584–686 ft).

[15] According to the 2011 Census of India, Chandil CD block had a total population of 157,949, of which 109,854 were rural and 48,095 were urban.

Languages in Chandil CD block (2011)[18] According to the Population by Mother Tongue 2011 data, in the Chandil subdistrict, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 83,952 persons forming 53.15% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Santali (25,194/ 15.95%), Urdu (24,143/ 15.29), Hindi (16,809/ 10.64%), Mundari (5,295/ 3.35%), Malto (803/ 0.51%),Odiya (572/ 0.36%), and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (1,181/ 0.75%).

Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text.

[20] In Seraikela Kharsawan district, Scheduled Tribes numbered 255,626 and formed 24.00% of the total population.

[23] According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line.”[24] Livelihoodin Chandil CD block In Chandil CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 10,999 and formed 18.94%, agricultural labourers numbered 16,060 and formed 27.65%, household industry workers numbered 1,048 and formed 1.80% and other workers numbered 29,976 and formed 51.61%.

The fund, created by the Government of India, is ”designed to redress regional imbalances in development”.

Dinimai, the last stub remaining in the field after reaping, is brought home and established as Tusu.

On the Makar Sankranti day, Tusu is carried in a choudal (decorated bamboo framework) and immersed in a nearby water body.