The 1st constituency of Charente-Maritime (French: Première circonscription de la Charente-Maritime) is one of five electoral districts in the department of the same name, each of which returns one deputy to the French National Assembly in elections using the two-round system, with a run-off if no candidate receives more than 50% of the vote in the first round.

Since 2012, the constituency has been represented by Olivier Falorni, first as a Miscellaneous Left deputy and then as a deputy for the Radical Party of the Left.

The constituency covers the city of La Rochelle and the Isle of Rhé.

The constituency is made up of 11 pre-2015 cantons: those of Ars-en-Ré, La Rochelle-1, La Rochelle-2, La Rochelle-3, La Rochelle-4, La Rochelle-5, La Rochelle-6, La Rochelle-7, La Rochelle-8, La Rochelle-9, and Saint-Martin-de-Ré.

At the time of the 1999 census (which was the basis for the most recent redrawing of constituency boundaries, carried out in 2010) the 1st constituency had a total population of 130,679.