Charles Anderson (5 December 1876, Stenness – 25 October 1944 Darlinghurst, New South Wales) was an Australian mineralogist and palaeontologist.
After finishing school in Stennes and Kirkwall he was matriculated at the University of Edinburgh to study chemistry, crystallography, geology, mineralogy, physics, and zoology.
When fossils of a second Meiolania species were discovered on Walpole Island, he published a revision of the whole genus in 1925.
[3] After the death of Robert Etheridge, Junior (1847–1920), Anderson was appointed director of the museum at which position he stayed until his retirement on 31 October 1940.
He was among the founders of the Art Galleries and Museums Association of Australia and New Zealand, and a member of the Australian National Research Council.