Born in Paris, he was the son of Charles Drelincourt, calvinistic reverend in Paris and of Marguerite Boldue, the only daughter of a wealthy Parisian beer brewer.
After studies in Paris with Jean Riolan, then in Saumur and Montpellier where he received his doctorate in 1654, he practised in Paris where he met Charles Patin and became, in 1655, the particular physician of Turenne.
[1] From 1656 to 1658, he was appointed French army's medical service Inspector in Flanders then he became in 1659 the First physician of the King (fr) Louis XIV.
[2] There he held the Chair of Medicine at Leiden University, where he was the successor of Joannes Antonides Van Der Linden and the predecessor Herman Boerhaave.
Drelincourt was a prominent scholar of Hippocrates and classic literature with a great knowledge of classical languages, which granted him much recognition among his contemporaries, especially Pierre Bayle.