Charles Günther, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (6 November 1576 – 24 September 1630 in Kranichfeld) was a German nobleman.

Born into the House of Schwarzburg, Charles Günther was the eldest son of Count Albert VII of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and his first wife, Countess Juliana of Nassau-Dillenburg.

His teacher Melchior Junius praised Charles Günther as an exceptionally diligent student in his Orationes.

After his father died in 1605, Charles Günther ruled Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt for six years, with the consent of his brothers.

Prince Louis I of Anhalt-Köthen admitted Charles Günther as a member of the Fruitbearing Society in 1619, probably on 5 September.