Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell (1823–1877) was a United States Navy officer during the American Civil War.

In 1862, he commanded the gun-boat Itasca, of the western gulf blockading squadron, and took part in the bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip.

Caldwell and his party boarded one of the hulks that held the chains, and succeeded in detaching the latter, in spite of the heavy fire to which they were subjected.

The Itasca was then swept on shore by the current, in full sight of the forts, and it was half an hour before she was afloat again.

He became captain, December 12, 1867, chief of staff of the North Atlantic fleet in 1870, and commodore on June 14, 1874.