Born in Cooperstown, New York,[1] Potter was raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and received an LL.B.
Potter then entered the practice of law in Grand Rapids until 1876, when he relocated to Cheyenne, Wyoming.
[1] Potter become active in the Republican Party and influential in his legal practice, and in 1887, he entered into a successful law partnership with Willis Van Devanter, who would serve as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1911 to 1937.
[2] Potter's political offices in Wyoming included "city attorney, county and prosecuting attorney, member of the Capitol Building Commission",[1] member of the Wyoming Constitutional Convention in 1889.
[1] Potter served on the court until his death, in Cheyenne,[1] and was interred in Lakeview Cemetery.