Charles Niven (1845–1923) was a Scottish mathematician and physicist who spent most of his career at the University of Aberdeen.

Charles and his older brother William D. were tutored by Edward Routh for the Mathematical Tripos.

[2] In 1867, Niven was appointed Professor of Mathematics at Queen's College Cork, in Ireland[3] a position that George Boole had previously occupied.

From 1880, Niven was professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Aberdeen, and he was responsible for establishing the Physics Department in Marischal College in 1906.

[5] Charles Niven was a Fellow of the Royal Society from 1880 and honorary member of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society from 1883.