His teachers were Jean-Baptiste Lully and Michel Lambert, but some of the surviving music suggests not their influence, but that of Marc-Antoine Charpentier.
By 1712 he was evidently very well known, for the publisher of Piroye's Pièces choisies mentioned the composer's exceptionally high reputation ("each day renewed applause") in the preface.
Évrard Titon du Tillet, writing in 1732, referred to Piroye as one of the "most able organists recently deceased", providing the only clue as to when the composer died.
Another clue of the composer's death can be found in the archives of the church Sainte-Catherine of Lille, indicating a "Dnus Carolus piroÿt organicus cantor expertissimus hujus Ecclesie" (Master Charles Piroÿt organist [and] expert church musician) dead on March 3rd of 1724.
Most of his works are not fugues, hymn settings, trios, etc., but dialogues between different choirs of the organ.