He was born on March 4, 1906, in Chicago, Illinois, to Charles Rudolph Walgreen and Myrtle Norton.
He attended the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy and was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon.
As head of the company he increased the profit and size of the drug store, encouraged new lines of products to be sold and changed the format from counter service to self-service.
He relinquished his role in company in 1969 to his son Charles R. Walgreen III.
[3] Shortly before his death, Walgreen donated $10 million to the University of Michigan and that gift proved to be instrumental in the building of the Walgreen Drama Center located on the University of Michigan's North Campus in Ann Arbor.