He was wounded at Gettysburg and acted as a Commissary of Subsistence during General William T. Sherman's famed March to the Sea.

Emilie came to the United States shortly thereafter, and lived in Elizabeth, New Jersey, during Saalmann's participation in the American Civil War.

After arriving in Washington D.C., they crossed the Potomac River on the Long Bridge and went into winter camp in the defenses of the capital.

On Sunday, June 8, after reemerging into the Shenandoah Valley, the 75th Pennsylvania participated in the Battle of Cross Keys near Harrisonburg.

On the first day of the Second Battle of Bull Run, August 29, the 75th Pennsylvania was involved in an intense firefight centered around an unfinished railroad embankment.

In March of that year, he was promoted to captain and was assigned to lead Company C. At Chancellorsville, 75th Pennsylvania was part of the Eleventh Corps, which made up the western tip of the Army of the Potomac.

A Confederate flanking maneuver and the collapse of adjacent regiments exposed the men to an enfilading fire that cut large gaps in the ranks.

In a complex movement that entailed several changes of trains and engines, the troops passed through Washington, D.C., Harper's Ferry, Maryland, Grafton, West Virginia, and Columbus, Ohio, before arriving in Indianapolis, Indiana.

On November 28, 1763, the 75th Pennsylvania, as part of the Eleventh Corps, was ordered to proceed to the relief of General Burnside, who was under siege at Knoxville, Tennessee.

After a difficult winter march, which took the troops eastward through Cleveland, Sweetwater, Philadelphia, Loudon, and Unitia, they arrived in Louisville, Tennessee, on December 5.

[5] Twenty five miles further south, the brigade took part in the Battles of Pumpkin Vine Creek and New Hope Church, fought between May 26 and June 4, near Dallas, Georgia.

It also participated in the Battle of Kolb's Farm, on June 22, where it repulsed a series of attacks, sustaining few casualties and inflicting severe losses on the enemy.

The brigade passed through Decatur, Sheffield, Social Circle, Rutledge, Madison, Eatonton, Dennis Station, and Westover, before arriving at Milledgeville, then the capital of Georgia, on November 23.

These men, familiar with the intended route of the march, would set out before dawn on a course several miles to either side of the main column.

The roll return for November 1864, places Saalmann at Little Ogeechee Creek, a few miles south of Louisville, Georgia.

[12] A few miles to the east of Birdsville, the men came upon Camp Lawton, a recently evacuated Confederate prisoner-of-war stockade.

After arriving in Savannah, Saalmann took a leave of absence, traveling north by steamer to visit with his wife in New Jersey.

[16] The following day, he participated in the Grand Review in Washington, D.C. After the war, Charles Saalmann rejoined his wife and moved to the German enclave of Egg Harbor City, New Jersey.

[17] On July 1, 1865, Charles and Emilie Saalmann, for a sum of $2,000, purchased a property on Darmstadt Avenue to the west of town in adjacent Mullica Township.

While living in Mullica Township, Saalmann was a member of the General Stahel Post of the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) in Egg Harbor City.

[18] Saalmann measured rainfall for the federal government and issued detailed annual reports to the New Jersey Board of Agriculture.

[21] During the late 1860s and 1870s, the culture of wine grapes in the area surrounding Egg Harbor City became a prominent industry.

Typically, purchasers would arrive by train on Friday from Philadelphia and New York, and would travel from one winery to another, choosing cases or kegs from particular wines and vintages.

[22][23] Thomas Taylor, Microscopist with the United States Department of Agriculture, provided the following description of Saalmann's cultivation techniques after a trip to the vineyard in 1877: While Saalmann produced several styles of wine, including bottles labeled 'Flower of Jersey,' 'Martha,' and 'Belli Rosa,' his premium offering was a claret under the label 'Black Rose.'

It characterized 'Black Rose' as a "sound agreeable 'Claret,' free from harmful or unwarrantable additions, moderately astringent, and well suited for medicinal use.

These vaults were described as "the largest, constructed on the best modern plan for ventilation and temperature for the flavor and keeping of the wines, and cover an area of 30 x 72 feet.

The stock carried is about 15,000 gallons, representing a value of $25,000, and sales are estimated at $5,000 per annum, the age of the vintage when sold being from five years up.

Savas Publishing Co., Campbell, California (1996) Burton, William L. Melting Pot Soldiers: The Union's Ethnic Regiments.

The Colors of Courage: Gettysburg's Forgotten History – Immigrants, Women, and African Americans in the Civil War's Defining Battle, Basic Books; Reprint Ed.

Hughes, Nathaniel Cheairs Jr. Bentonville: The Final Battle of Sherman and Johnston(Civil War America).