Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal (11 August 1730, Philippsthal – 7 September 1801, Meiningen), was Duchess and regent of Saxe-Meiningen from 1763 to 1782.

The Duke stipulated in his last will and testament that Charlotte Amalie would act as the sole guardian of their sons and regent of Saxe-Meiningen.

After her husband's death Charlotte Amalie first travelled to Philippsthal to await an imperial decision confirming her as guardian and regent.

With strict austerity measures and reforms, economic reconstruction and promotion of spiritual life, she is considered the "saviour of the Duchy".

The appointment of new ministers, such as Adolph Gottlieb von Eyben, allowed the government to effectively function again within one year.