[1] As a young man, he studied for the Christian ministry, but ultimately followed occult and psychic interests.
[1] Adopting the pseudonym "Charubel", he published numerous books and was editor of several esoteric periodicals.
[2] The symbols of the degrees of the Zodiac was first published as a series of articles in Leo's Astrologer's Magazine over a three-year period starting in December 1890.
[1] His book, Degrees of the Zodiac Symbolised was co-authored with the much younger mystic and astrologer Sepharial (Dr Walter Gorn Old).
[1] Penniless, he relied on the care of others and was visited by occultists who traveled from all over the world to study with him.