He completed his primary education from Bhind before pursuing a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) from Hamidia College, Barkatullah University, Bhopal and graduated in 1985.

His father, Chaudhary Dilip Singh Chaturvedi was a Member of Legislative Assembly from Bharatiya Janata Party representing Bhind constituency following the 1980 election; and as the President of University of Lucknow's Students' Union, 1955–56, he led the Indian delegation to the historic Afro-Asian Students Conference held at Bandung, Indonesia in 1956.

[2] Chaturvedi maintained Congress's stronghold on the Bhind seat and registered his fourth victory to the 13th Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly following the 2008 elections.

[21][22][23][24] His younger brother, Chaudhary Mukesh Singh Chaturvedi won the 2013 elections from Mehgaon constituency to the 14th Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate.

[9][25] On 20 April 2019, Chaturvedi returned to Indian National Congress in presence of the then party general secretary Jyotiraditya Scindia at his election nomination rally in Shivpuri.

[26][27][28] Chaturvedi was made the Star Campaigner for 2021 Damoh Legislative Assembly By-Election by the Indian National Congress.