[9] At the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, discus thrower Vinod Kumar was banned for two years after being found to have intentionally misrepresented his abilities.
[18] At the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, Swedish curler Glenn Ikonen tested positive for a banned substance and was suspended for six months[19] by the IPC.
[20][21] The Sydney 2000 Doping Control Program had the responsibility of ensuring that the games met the International Paralympic Medical and Anti-Doping Code and, for the first time in the sport, out-of-competition (OOC) testing was introduced.
[15] In the Salt Lake City Winter Paralympics in 2002 German cross country skier Thomas Oelsner gave a positive result after winning two gold medals.
[22] Another form of doping is "boosting", used by athletes with a spinal cord injury to induce autonomic dysreflexia and increase blood pressure.
The IPC investigated the claims and found that the required mental tests, which should show that the competitors have an IQ of no more than 75,[31][32] were not conducted by the Spanish Paralympic Committee (CPE).
Ribagorda alleged that some Spanish participants in the table tennis, track and field, and swimming events were also not disabled, meaning that five medals had been won fraudulently.
[34] After it was confirmed that 10 of the 12 competitors in the winning team were not disabled,[30] Martin Vicente publicly apologised for the error and accepted total responsibility, resigning just before the findings were officially released.
[30] The IPC announced that, due to serious difficulties in determining the eligibility of athletes, it was suspending all official sporting activities involving an intellectual disability.
[35] The IPC attempted to develop a revised system for testing for intellectual disabilities but announced on 1 February 2003 that all events involving learning difficulties would be abandoned for the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens.