From 1922 to 1927, Chen was a professor, the head of the Department of Philosophy of Peking University in Beijing.
From 6 November 1928 to 30 December 1929, Chen was the Secretary-general of the Examination Yuan of the Central Government of ROC.
In July 1948, Chen start serving as a senior advisor of national policy for government.
Chen served the first President of National Chengchi University (NCCU) from October 1954 to July 1959.
In April 1964, Chen became the first director-general of the Confucius-Mencius Society in Taipei at the Nanhai Academy.