[2] He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and one of the 23 founding fathers of China's Two Bombs, One Satellite (两弹一星元勋).

[5] He received a master's degree in 1948 and a Doctor of Philosophy in metallurgy from Yale University in 1950.

[6] He worked for Johns Hopkins University and Westinghouse Electric as a researcher after his graduation.

[5] He returned to the People's Republic of China in 1955 after the Korean War ended and was assigned work at Institute of Applied Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He was one of the key contributors to the Chinese nuclear weapon programs.