The Chero dynasty or Chyavana dynasty was a polity that ruled the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, corresponding to the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand, after the fall of the Pala Empire; their rule lasted from the 16th century CE to the starting of the 19th century.

At its peak of reign, the Chero/Chyavana kingdom extended from an area of Prayagraj in the west to Banka in the east and from Champaran in the north to Chota Nagpur Plateau in the south.

[4] According to Ahmad Yadgar, Sher Shah Suri wanted to take possession of a White elephant from [Chero].

The Chero chief was besieged and compelled to surrender the elephant and Khawas Khan captured huge booty.

According to Abbas Sarwani, the author of Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi the Maharata Chero became so powerful in Shahabad that Sher Shah had to send Khawas Khan to lead an expedition against him.

Soon after the battle of Chausa, Sher Shah dispatched Khawas Khan and Chero chief was defeated and killed.

In 1590, Man Singh after suppressing chief of Kharagpur and Gidhour, attacked Anant Rai of Palamu.

The Cheros of Palamu began to grow in power again in the 17th century and under the leadership of Pratap Rai, they started to raid cattle from neighbouring Mughal districts.

[5] Because of this, Shah Jahan sent the Mughal Governor of Bihar, Shaista Khan, on an expedition to subdue the Cheros and stop the rebellion from taking place.

During this expedition, the Mughals had trouble reaching the Chero stronghold in Palamu due to the hilly and forested terrain which made it almost inaccessible.

[7] The Cheros had lost their territory in Western Bihar in the 14th century to the invading Ujjainiya Rajputs who were under the leadership of Hunkar Sahi.

One of the descendants of Sitaram Rai, Kumkum Chand Jharap drove out Ujjainiyas from Bhojpur region and capture major parts of territory.

Immediately after return, he raised his headquarters at Buxar, regrouped the Ujjainiyas and started making efforts to capture the lost territory.

Bhagwant Rai assassinated Man Singh, taking advantage of the local Raja's absence at a ceremony at Surguja to raise the standard of revolt[10] and founded his own kingdom around 1572.

After death of Medini Rai, the dynasty fell apart due to power struggle and in-fighting in the ruling family.

the administration slowly and indirectly passed into hand of various ministers and advisers who were driven by personal gain and fame.

Sensing inadequacy of forces and resources, Captain Camac sent a message to his commander at Patna to send heavier cannon and shells.

On 4 February 1771, Chero again intercepted British force on their way to Palamu, looted the rations and killed many soldiers.

His soldiers attempted to scale the wall of old fort under cover of darkness but Cheros foiled all such efforts.

The besieged fort was then shelled by British force but outer wall was so strong and well fortified that they failed to demolish it in order to gain entry.

At this point, the captain Camac cleverly sought the help of Akhauri Udwant Rai, promising to establish him as future king with plenty of wealth.

The secret entrance to the fort was divulged to the Captain Camac, who immediately stationed his 12-pound cannon there and shelled continuously.

On 26 April, after sergeant Pelwin was killed and Lieutenant Scot badly injured, the British force gave up and the fort was recaptured by the Cheros.

Parry, the Assistant Collector who took over in 1811 made the first settlement of revenue in 1812. he annulled the Sanad, granted by Churaman Rai and took over direct collection.

9,000 in 1814 when it was granted to Ghanshyam Singh of Deo as a reward to his help to the British in suppressing the Cheros and the Kharwars.