Cherryvale is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States.

The first white man to purchase property and settle here was Mr. Abe Eaton, who later sold it to the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Kansas Railroad which then became the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railway, and eventually came under the control of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, which operated the line for much of the 20th century.

[5] Between 1871 and 1873, at least eleven people vanished in the vicinity of an inn and general store operated by the Bender family about eight miles (13 km) northeast of Cherryvale.

Following the disappearance of the Benders in 1873, it was discovered that they had apparently murdered a number of travellers.

Governor Thomas A. Osborn offered a reward of $2,000 for the apprehension of the Benders, but they were never found.

[6][7] The main part of the town was destroyed by fire in 1873, but was soon rebuilt, and in 1880 Cherryvale became a city of the third and afterwards of the second class.

Natural gas, which is used as a factory fuel and for street and domestic lighting, was found here in 1889, and oil several years later.

The railroad, owned by WATCO, painted locomotive EMD SD40-2 number 4158, in the high school's colors of blue and white in 2011, and the unit is stationed at the intermodal switchyard, completed 2013, north of Cherryvale.

[10] The 2020 United States census counted 2,192 people, 874 households, and 543 families in Cherryvale.

32.6% of households consisted of individuals and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

31.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

They compete in the Tri-Valley League and the mascot is the Charger, represented by a knight.