[19] The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

[20] Chesterfield has permanently preserved more than 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) of farmland through state and county programs and a township-wide transfer of development credits program that directs future growth to a designated "receiving area" known as Old York Village, which is a neo-traditional, New Urbanism community built on 560 acres (230 ha) incorporating a variety of housing types, neighborhood commercial facilities, a new elementary school, civic uses, and active and passive open space areas with preserved agricultural land surrounding the planned village.

As of 2024, the majority of the construction is complete, including Old York Village's mixed-use commercial, retail, and housing component.

[21][22][23] The land was first settled in 1677, when a group of primarily Quaker immigrants from England established the settlement of Crosswicks, the oldest of the three communities of the township.

On June 23, 1778, British soldiers near the Crosswicks Creek shot the horse out from under Elias Dayton, a captain with the New Jersey militia.

[30][31][32] Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Chesterfield, Crosswicks, Davisville[citation needed] and Extonville.

[33] The 2010 United States census counted 7,699 people, 1,539 households, and 1,311 families in the township.

[45] As of the 2000 United States census[14] there were 5,955 people, 899 households, and 744 families residing in the township.

[43][44] The census statistics above included 3,341 residents of state correctional facilities located in the township.

(The per capita income figure is artificially low due to the above-mentioned youth detention center population.)

[43][44] Chesterfield Township real estate prices were ranked second-highest in Burlington County by Philadelphia magazine in February 2010.

[3][52][53][54][55] After the November 2016 general election ended with a tie between Democrat Rita Romeu and Republican Ron Kolczynski who both had 1,289 votes for the second of two township committee seats, a judge in January 2017 decided that Romeu won the race as she was entitled to two additional votes that had not been counted in November.

[58] For the 119th United States Congress, New Jersey's 3rd congressional district is currently represented Herb Conaway (D, Delran Township).

[60] For the 2024-2025 session, the 8th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Latham Tiver (R, Southampton Township) and in the General Assembly by Andrea Katz (D, Chesterfield Township) and Michael Torrissi (R, Hammonton).

[61] Burlington County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of five members who are chosen at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year; at an annual reorganization meeting, the board selects a director and deputy director from among its members to serve a one-year term.

[84] Among the township's 2010 Census population, 37.1% (vs. 61.7% in Burlington County) were registered to vote, including 45.1% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 80.3% countywide).

[95] A replacement school building for grades K–6 was planned based on the results of a referendum passed in December 2007 that provided for spending of $37.7 million towards the project.

[97] Public school students in seventh through twelfth grades attend the schools of the Northern Burlington County Regional School District, which also serves students from Mansfield Township, North Hanover Township and Springfield Township, along with children of United States Air Force personnel based at McGuire Air Force Base.

[107][108] Students from Chesterfield Township, and from all of Burlington County, are eligible to attend the Burlington County Institute of Technology, a countywide public school district that serves the vocational and technical education needs of students at the high school and post-secondary level at its campuses in Medford and Westampton Township.

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Chesterfield Township include: