[2] It is celebrated[3] especially in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Eastern Uttar Pradesh;[4][5] and the Nepalese Autonomous provinces of Koshi, Lumbini, and Madhesh.

[6][7][8][9] In major Indian and Nepalese urban centres like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kathmandu, etc., the diaspora actively participates in celebrating Chhath, preserving their cultural heritage.

[10][11][12][13] The festival is also celebrated in countries like the USA, Australia, Singapore, UAE, Canada, Mauritius, Japan, UK, etc., by the diaspora.

[14][15] During Chhath Puja, prayers are dedicated to the solar deity, Surya: to show gratitude for bestowing the bounties of life on Earth and to request that certain wishes be granted.

devotees, from Sanskrit parva, meaning "occasion" or "festival") must take a holy bath, after which the entire house, its surroundings, and pathways to the Ghat are thoroughly cleaned.

[citation needed] On this day, the devotees do not drink even a single drop of water as offer to worship.

[33] This day is spent preparing the prasada (offerings) at home, often consisting of a bamboo basket decorated with fruits, Thekua and rice laddus.

On the eve of this day, the entire household accompany the devotee to a riverbank, pond, or other large body of water to make the Arghya offerings to the setting sun.

After the worship of Sun God, Chhath songs are sung in the night and the Vrat katha is read.

On the last day of Chhath Puja, at dawn, worshippers travel to the riverbank to offer an arghya to the rising sun.

After making this holy offering, parents pray to Chhatti Maiya for their child's protection as well as the happiness and peace of their whole family.

After worship, followers participate in the Paran or Parana rite, breaking their fast with a small amount of prasada and water.

This rite emphasises the connection between family well-being and divine favours, serving as a symbol of thanksgiving and spiritual closure.

[38] In Champaran, Bihar and Madhesh Province, Nepal, it is a belief that after leaving Ayodhya, Sita stayed in Valmiki Ashram located on the edge of Narayani River in Chitwan district.

Even today, people celebrate Chhath festival with great pomp at Luv-Kush Ghat on the banks of Gandaki river located in Indo-Nepal border.

Sitacharan temple, situated on a boulder in the middle of the Ganges in Munger, is the main center of public faith regarding Chhath festival.

In Ramayana, when Rama and Sita returned to Ayodhya, people celebrated Deepavali, and on its sixth day Ramarajya (lit.