Chilton is a village and civil parish in the Vale of White Horse district of Oxfordshire, England, about 3+1⁄2 miles (6 km) southwest of Didcot.

The parish is a historic part of Berkshire, though under the 1974 local government boundary changes was transferred to the administration of Oxfordshire.

A section of the Grim's Ditch forms part of the southern boundary of the parish.

In 1644 the village was the site of a minor incident following the Second Battle of Newbury in which Parliamentarians narrowly escaped being attacked by Royalists.

The southern part of the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, including the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, is in the parish.