[1] Black-and-white dairy cattle were imported to major cities in China in the 1870s from Canada, Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA.
After the Second World War large American Holstein-Friesians were imported, as was smaller Dutch Black Pied stock from the Netherlands.
These at first gave rise to larger and smaller types within the Chinese breed, but these can no longer be distinguished.
[2] In 1982 the average milk yield of 270,000 cows was estimated at 4,461 kg (9,835 lb) per lactation of 305 days.
[1] The milk averages 3.3% fat in the southern part of the country, and 3.4% in the north.